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常用临床医学英文术语

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常用临床医学英文术语
  diseases 疾病
  acute diseases 急性病
  advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病
  chronic diseases慢性病
  communicable diseases 传染病
  complicating diseases 并发病
  congenital diseases 先天性疾病
  acquired diseases 后天性疾病
  contagious diseases接触性传染病
  endemic diseases 地方病
  epidemic diseases 流行病
  functional diseases 机能病、官能病
  infectious diseases 传染病
  inherited diseases 遗传病
  malignant diseases恶性病
  nutritional diseases 营养病
  occupation diseases 职业病
  organic diseases 器质性病
  paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病
  periodical diseases 周期病
  primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病
  secondary diseases 继发病
  sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
  terminal diseases 绝症
  wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉
  clinical manifestation 临床表现
  delivery history 分娩史
  etiology病因学
  family history 家族史
  history, medical history 病史
  precipitating(induced)诱因
  marital status婚姻状况
  menstrual history 月经史
  menarche 初潮
  menopause闭经
  past history既往史
  pathogenesis 发病机制
  personal history 个人史symptoms 症状
  cardinal symptom 主要症状
  classical symptom 典型症状
  concomitant symptom 伴发症状
  constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状
  indirect symptom 间接症状
  induced symptom 诱发症状
  local symptom 局部症状
  mental symptom精神症状
   symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症,症候群
  signs体征
  antecedent 前驱征
  assident (accessory) 副征
  commemorative 后遗症
  sign of death 死征
  diagnostic诊断征
  sign of disease 病征
  subjective 自觉征,主观征
  vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征
  body length (height of the body) 身高
  body weight 体重
  barrel chest 桶状胸
  cachexia 恶病质
  compulsive position 被动体位
  critical facies 病危面容
  emaciation 消瘦
  enophthalmos 眼球下陷
  entropion 睑内翻
  exophthalmos 眼球突出
  flushed face 面色潮红
  gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重
  lock-jaw 牙关紧闭
  lordosis 脊柱前凸
  nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动
  nystagmus 眼震
  obesity 肥胖
  pallor 苍白
  scolisis 脊柱侧凸
  agitation 焦急不安
  debility, weakness 虚弱
  diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗
  dizziness, vertigo 眩晕
  lassitude, fatigue 无力,倦怠
  malaise 不适
  night sweat 盗汗
  numbness 麻木
  rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷
  perspiration, sweating 出汗
  pruritus, itching 痒,
  somasthenia 躯体无力
  tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿
  acidosis 酸中毒
  adhesion 粘连
  alkalosis 碱中毒
  allergy 过敏
  coagulation defect 凝血不良
  congestion 充血
  dehydration 脱水
  distention 膨胀
  edema 水肿
  embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成
  fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱
  gangrene 坏疽
  hematoma 血肿
  hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
  infarction 梗塞,梗死
  infection 传染
  inflammation 炎症
  ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
  metastasis 转移
  perforation 穿孔
  necrosis 坏死
  shock 休克
  response 反应,应答
  reaction 反应,感应
  thrombosis 血栓形成
  ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热
  continuous fever 稽留热
  intermittent fever 间歇热
  low-grade fever 低热
  remittent fever 驰张热
  relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛
  burning pain 灼痛
  chest(flank,…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛
  cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛
  dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛
  pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
  radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛
  cardiac angina 心绞痛
  backache 背痛
  colic 绞痛,急腹痛
  earache 耳痛
  headache 头痛
  neuralgia 神经痛
  migraine 偏头痛
  rebound tenderness 反跳痛
  somatalgia 躯体痛
  sore throat 咽喉痛
  stomachache 胃痛
  toothache 牙痛
  bloody sputum 带血的痰
  cough 咳嗽
  dry cough 干咳
  expectoration 咳痰
  expectoration of blood 咳血
  hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
  apnea 呼吸暂停,窒息
  asthma 气喘,哮喘
  cheyne stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸
  dyspnea 呼吸困难
  hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度
  hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸浅表
  hypoxia 低氧,缺氧
  orthopnea 端坐呼吸
  respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
  suffocation 窒息
  tachypnea 呼吸急促
  fetid breath 口臭
  fruity brea th 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐
  atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全
  cardiac arrest 心搏骤停
  cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大
  cyanosis 发绀,青紫
  distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张
  extrasystole 期外收缩
  gallop rhythm 奔马律
  hemopleura 血胸
  hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流
  hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少
  palpitation 心悸
  tachycardia 心动过速
  pneumothorax 气胸
  thrill 震颤
  absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
  dull sound 浊音
  hyperresonant 鼓音
  rale 啰音
  rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音
  wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厌食
  dysphagia 吞咽困难
  eructation 嗳气
  belching 嗳气
  flatulence 气胀
  flatus 肠胃气,屁
  gaseous distention 胃胀气
  hematemesis 呕血
  hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆
  nausea 恶心
  pyrosis 胃灼热
  regurgitation 反胃,回流
  thirsty 口渴
  vomiting 呕吐
  anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
  ascites 腹水
  board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹
  decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱
  exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张
  fistula 瘘,瘘管
  hemorrhoid 痔
  hernia 疝
  hepatomegaly 肝肿大
  intussusception 肠套叠
  jaundice 黄疸
  muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫
  peristalsis 蠕动
  loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失
  mass peristalsis 总蠕动
  retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动
  prolapse 脱垂
  prolapse of anus 脱肛
  rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛
  volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石, 石
  biliary calculus 胆结石
  vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘
  defecation 排便
  diarrhea 腹泻
  incontinence of feces 大便失禁
  hematochezia 便血
  fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
  occult blood 潜血
  painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动
  clay colored stools 陶土色便
  dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物
  fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪,吐粪
  foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢
  scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
  tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿
  burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感
  dysurea 排尿困难,尿痛
  enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿
  frequency of urination 尿频
  micturation 排尿
  uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
  nocturia 夜尿
  oliguria 少尿
  polyuria 多尿
  tenesmus 里急后重
  vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重
  uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷
  urgency of urination 尿急
  urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
  chyluria 乳糜尿
  cylindruia 管型尿
  glycosuria 糖尿
  hematuria 血尿
  ketonuria 酮尿
  pneumatinuria 气尿
  proteinuria 蛋白尿
  pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经
  dysmenorrhea 痛经
  menorrhagia 月经过多
  lochia 恶露
  menorrhea 行经,月经过多
  menstruation 月经
  uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点
  bruise 挫伤,青肿
  acne 痤疮,粉刺
  desquamation 脱皮,脱屑
  ecchymosis 瘀斑
  loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈
  nevus 痣
  papule 丘疹
  petechia 瘀点,瘀斑
  pigmentation 色素沉着
  pustule 脓疱
  purpura 紫癫
  red nodule 红结节
  roseola 玫瑰疹
  scar 伤疤
  senile plaque 老人斑
  spider anaioma 蛛形痣
  subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节
  urticaria 荨麻疹
  vesicle 小水疱
  vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
  blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊
  impaired vision 视力下降
  lacrimation 流泪
  papilledema 视神经乳头水肿
  photophobia 畏光,羞明
  retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋
  hearing loss 听力丧失
  tinnitus 耳鸣
  epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
  impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍
  nasal discharge 鼻涕
  nasal obstruction 鼻塞
  sneeze 喷嚏
  snore 打鼾
  aphonia, loss of voice 失音症
  hoarseness 嘶哑
  gum bleeding 齿龈出血
  herpes labialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮
  koplik's spots 科普利克斑
  lead line of the gum 龈铅线
  salivation, drooling 流口水
  straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
  tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩
  contracture 挛缩
  deformity 畸形,变形
  dislocation 脱位
  fracture 骨折
  closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折
  comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
  compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折
  knock-knee 膝外翻
  opisthotonos 角弓反张
  prosthesis 假体
  spasm 痉挛
  tetany (肌)强直,手足抽搦
  wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语
  ataxia 共济失调
  coma 昏迷
  consciousness 知觉,意识
  convulsion 抽搐,惊厥
  delirium 谵妄
  delusion 妄想
  faint 昏厥
  hallucination 幻觉
  hemiplegia 偏瘫
  increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高
  insanity 精神错乱
  loss of orientation 定向丧失
  mania 躁狂
  memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症
  paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹
  projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐
  somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡
  stupor 木僵,昏呆
  tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪
  unconsciousness 失去知觉
  yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
  cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
  脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象
  failure 衰竭,故障
  central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
  中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis诊断
  auscultation 听诊
  inspection 视诊
  palpation触诊
  percussion 叩诊
  laboratory examination 实验室检查
  physical examination 体格检查
  rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠(阴道)指诊
  impression 印象
  tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断
  differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断
  final diagnosis 最后诊断
  prognosis 预后
  prescription 处方
  incubation (latent) period 潜伏期
  prodromal stage 前驱期
  incipient stage 初期
  quiescent stage 静止期
  alleviation 减轻,缓和
  remission 缓解
  attack 发作
  convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期
  rehabilitation 康复
  relapse 复发
  sudden death 猝死
  moribund 濒死的
  course of the disease 病程
  course of the treatment 疗程
  indication 适应症,指征
  complication 并发症
  contraindication 禁忌症
  side-effect 副作用
  sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症
  therapies 治疗方法
  acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法
  block therapy 封闭疗法
  chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法
  combined therapy 综合疗法
  conservative therapy 保守疗法
  constitutional therapy 全身疗法
  dietetic therapy 饮食疗法
  operative treatment 手术疗法
  palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法
  physical therapy 物理疗法
  psychotherapy 精神疗法
  radical treatment 根治
  radio-therapy 放射性疗法
  supporting treatment 支持疗法
  symptomatic treatment对症疗法
  cardiac massage 心脏按摩
  cardiac pacing 心脏起博
  electrotherapy 电疗法
  electroshock treatment 电休克疗法
  hemodialysis 血液透析
  hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法
  insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法
  light therapy 光疗法
  therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育


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